Police Discretion And The Control Mechanisms - 2646 Words

Police discretion is a highly debated topic among many different groups, not only in the United States but internationally. It is imperative to understand police discretion, and the various control mechanisms available such as internal control mechanisms, external control mechanisms, control by the citizens, legislative control, and control by the courts. Each control mechanism plays a vital role in how officers of the law handle various situations. Not only do these mechanisms control police discretion they also provide a form of checks and balances to make sure the officers are policing humanly and not violating constitutional rights. While some controls within each mechanism may be repetitive they each have significant influences over the use of police discretion and the validity of an officers belief that they made the best judgment call. Police discretion: Police discretion commonly is used in crimes such as domestic violence, traffic violations, and potential hate crimes or crimes involving an individual who is mentally ill. While, police officers have been trained in many different scenarios it is impossible to determine what situation may arise. â€Å"The degree to which police officers are free to make discretionary decisions plays a role in defining crime control and due process models of the criminal justice system† (Abdullah, 2011.) It would be easy if there were only two types of crimes in the world, than police would not be forced to actually make any decisions onShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Modern Law Enforcement1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to describe the problem of police brutality in modern law enforcement. Despite all of the advancements in contemporary policing, there are still flaws in the system. Many of these problems are found in civil rights, corruption, police-community relations, and police brutality. Even though all of these items are closely related, police brutality is currently the biggest issue throughout the United States and continues to shower the news headlines on a continual basisRead MoreEssay Police Culture1335 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Culture Marissa Efros, Lysa Lawson, Awele Meju, Makita Walker, Joseph Washington CJA/214 May 24, 2012 Jesse Banks Police Culture The history of policing can be traced back to the beginning of time. When looking at the subject of police work there is a large culture and history that follows along with it. There are many topics that can be analyzed when identifying, and describing the elements and the significances that are associated with policing. A largeRead MorePolice Discretion1418 Words   |  6 PagesPolice discretion by definition is the power to make decisions of policy and practice. Police have the choice to enforce certain laws and how they will be enforced. Some law is always or almost always enforced, some is never or almost never enforced, and some is sometimes enforced and sometimes not (Davis, p.1). Similarly with discretion is that the law may not cover every situation a police officer encounters, so they must use their discretion wisely. Until 1956, people thought of police discretionRead More Police Discretion Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Discretion Police discretion by definition is the power to make decisions of policy and practice. Police have the choice to enforce certain laws and how they will be enforced. â€Å"Some law is always or almost always enforced, some is never or almost never enforced, and some is sometimes enforced and sometimes not† (Davis, p.1). Similarly with discretion is that the law may not cover every situation a police officer encounters, so they must use their discretion wisely. Until 1956, peopleRead MorePolice Department And The Law Enforcement2143 Words   |  9 PagesThe police department and the law enforcement sector as a whole has been thought of having myriad challenges with regards to situations of the breaking of law. This is mainly because an officer is not always aware of what type of situation he/ she is going to encounter next in the course of maintaining law and order which is their basic mandate; having said that, it is an all too familiar situation to the law enforcement office rs that any particular situation is entirely different from another. WithRead MoreSocietal And Organizational Factors Within The Creation Of A Police Subculture1535 Words   |  7 PagesBoth societal and organizational factors come into play in the creation of a police subculture. The hierarchy structures of law enforcement agencies vary. These variations determine the attitudes and behaviors of the officers working within these locations. Lower level police officers spend the majority of their time investigating crime and fretting over the pitfalls of current crime policy. Overtime, some officers may begin to view members of the public as untrustworthy or even potentially hostileRead MoreDiscretion Within The Criminal Justice Process1667 Words   |  7 PagesDiscretion in policing and the court system is a necessary and unavoidable facet of criminal justice work, yet it is still very controversial. Discretion exists when courtroom actors (police officers, attorneys, judges) have the flexibility to choose an appropriate response to a situation. Police discretion is defined as â€Å"The opportunity of law enforcement officers to exercise choice in their daily activities† (Nowacki, 2015). This means that actors with a great deal of discretion at their disposalRead MoreTrying Juveniles as Adults Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"transferred† to adult court. In this paper I am going to discuss the three primary mechanisms of waiver to adult court: judicial waiver laws, statutory exclusion laws, and prosecutorial discretion or concurrent jurisdiction laws. Furthermore, I will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each type of mechanism that waives juveniles over to the adult court system. Finally, I will conclude by discussing the different mechanisms and how effective they are in relation to the principles and ideals that theRead MorePolice Methods And Strategies For Police Officers1505 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Strategies Police officers often employ various methods and strategies not only to combat criminal activities but also to ensure that the public is safe. These strategies entail beyond response to calls as a traditional method in the provision of service. In fact, they usually aim at crime intervention, prevention, as well as, effectiveness through the mechanisms such as efficient distribution of resources, community outreach, collection of criminal data, mapping of crime and location of suspectRead MoreThe Case Of The Palm Island Death1739 Words   |  7 Pagesaccording to the court documents, was for being a public nuisance after swearing at Police Liaison Officer, Lloyd Bengaroo. Mulrinji was intoxicated at the time of his arrest, with post mortem results showing a blood alcohol concentration of 0.292% (Hurley v. Clements Ors (2008). The lengthy legal battle that ensued was attempting to answer two legal questions. Firstly, was the arrest of Mulrinji for swearing at Police Liaison Offic er, Lloyd Bengaroo warranted and lawful; and secondly, did the arresting

Theme Of Self Image Of Creon And Okonkwo - 1009 Words

Sara Franklin Memorial 5B March 25, 2015 MYP English Theme of self-image of Creon and Okonkwo â€Å"He who wishes to be obeyed must know how to command-Niccolo Machiavelli†. In the novel â€Å"Things fall apart† by Chinua Achebe and the play â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles, the leading men who rise to power try to fulfill their perceptions of leadership. In â€Å"Antigone† Creon the king becomes the ruler of Thebes after his two nephews killed each other at battle; he must try to civilize his nation and act in the image of a true leader. Okonkwo starts of respectable man who plans on being the hero of the clan by being the man his father was not and saving the clan from converts. The tragic heroes Creon and Okonkwo have self-images that initially portray the expected qualities of a leader, but by being steadfast and overly pompous, their insecurities draw them to ironic fates. In the patriarchal societies of Thebes and Umofia, honor, strength, pride, heroism, and success characterize leadership. Therefore, to become leaders, Okonkwo and Creon depend on the image seen by their societies to define their social status. Upon Creon’s first decree he expresses the importance of his peoples perceptions of himself, questioning his son Haemon about following through with his laws ‘’Do you want me to show myself weak before the people† (Antigone sc.3 line 26)? Creon must stay true to his threat in order to â€Å"earn the world’s obedience† even though his niece, Antigone will suffer (Antigone sc.3 line 31).Show MoreRelatedQedipus. a Blind King Essays1098 Words   |  5 Pagesmental flaw some people posses. The author uses physical blindness, as well as intellectual blindness to illustrate Oedipus status as a tragic hero. Throughout the play, blindness is seen as a main theme, where Sophocles explored not only physical blindne ss, but also intellectual blindness. The theme of blindness is split into two main categories, where one is the ability to see, while the other is the willingness to see. Oedipus, who sets out to rescue the city of Thebes by bringing the killer of

Professional and Ethical Compliance Code

Question: Discuss about the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code. Answer: Introduction: The ACS Code of Ethics is basically a part of the ACS Constitution. Being an ACS member, it is important to follow some guidelines and one should always advance the honor, dignity and maintain effectiveness of being a professional. In the following case study, a security administrator of a company of 500 employees is asked by his manager to present a weekly report on which web pages has been accessed by individual employees and should try to flag those websites which contains inappropriate contents and which are questionable (Elliott 2016). But he remembers that the employees have not been asked to sign in any agreement where there is a guideline on which website they can visit and which not. But on the other hand, he is also aware that if the report is presented then the employees would be penalized for their misconduct in the office premises (Leicester 2016). The ethical dilemma that the person is currently facing is that he needs to make a report on who is accessing which websites and have to present it to his manager but the problem is that the employees were under no agreement that they have to view this or that particular website (Leicester 2016). With this he is also facing another dilemma that if he present that report, the employees would be penalized for which everybody will blame him. One thing he can do is to talk to his managers and tell them that the employees were not under any agreement. If they really want to know something like this, they need to update their policies about this particular issue and after this he can present a report as if the report is presented earlier, the employees may question about the authenticity of the data and they can counter themselves by saying that nothing was written on the policies when they were signing them (Board 2014). This misconduct can fall into three main ACS Code of Conducts like The Primacy of the Public Interest, Honesty and Professionalism (acs.org.au 2017). Under Primacy of the Public Interest, the company should not try to interfere with the intellectual property of others as that is totally personal and no one would like that anyone sniffing into their personal life (acs.org.au 2017). Also with this, they should try to provide the confidentiality and provide privacy to the users information and not look into their personal matter of what they are browsing or searching over the internet. Under Honesty, the employees should know the difference between professional life and personal life. When working in an office, they should try to maintain the decency and should not browse the websites which are explicitly offensive so they should keep their personal interest out of office premises and maintain the dignity (acs.org.au 2017). Under Professionalism, companies should take appropriate actions on those who break the rules so that it may set an example on others so that others may not break the rules and regulation like in this case, the employees who are accessing the website should be held guilty and appropriate actions should be taken against them so that other employees will not access the site again (acs.org.au 2017). Also, employees should co-operate with the company as whatever steps they take, they are taking for the betterment of the company as well as the employees. Every employee in an organization should follow all the norms and policies and should try to maintain decency in the office premises. Also the company personnel should revise their policies timely in order to overcome the defects that are present within the company like this company should have done with the accessibility of website for the employees. As there were no guidelines, they got the freedom to access these websites. References Leicester, N., 2016. Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Board, B.A.C., 2014. Professional and ethical compliance code for behavior analysts.Retrieved April,7, p.2016. acs.org.au (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/.../Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed 24 Mar. 2017]. Elliott, C.M., 2016. A Framework for Ethical Decisions.

Reading Reflection free essay sample

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Rachel Pollard Eng. 125 Prof. Peter Kunze Theme and Narrative Elements The theme of a story tells the reader what the story is about. Literary elements play a major role in short stories to add to a narrative theme. An example of this is the narrative short story â€Å"How I Met My Husband† by Alice Munro. Throughout this paper, the writer will demonstrate the significance of how the application of point of view and the character, plays a major role contributing to the theme of a story. How I Met My Husband† by Alice Munro is narrated from a first -person point of view. Munro depiction of the main character is so vividly expressed that a reader could visualize being present at the scene of events. The reader experiences a personal feeling of compassion when the main character acknowledged working for Dr. and Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pebbles. â€Å"This was my first job-working for Dr. and Mrs. Pebbles, who had bought an old house out on the fifth line about five miles out of town. †(Clugston, R. 010) From the depiction expressed throughout the narration, one could sense that this short story was created from the personal experiences of Munro herself. The reader speculates that the writer has a personal history and â€Å"How I Met My Husband† is her way of conveying the events that led to meeting her husband. It cultivates the reader’s mind beyond reality into an imaginary world during the events. Another literary element that plays a role in contributing the theme of a story is the character. In Chpt. 6, (Clugston, R. 010) refers to character as â€Å"the imaginary person in a story†. In â€Å"How I Met My Husband†, Edie a fifteen year old is the main character in this story. For example, â€Å"I was fifteen and away from home for the first time†. â€Å"My parents had made the e ffort and sent me to high school for a year but I didn’t like it†, â€Å"I was shy of strangers and the work was hard, they didn’t make it nice for you or explain the way they do now. †(Clugston, R. 2010) Edie is the main character describing her life experiencing high school for the first time through her eyes. She is the narrator of the story because the events are personal for her she is telling the reader the events she went through, to get to the point of meeting her husband. The literary elements affect the narrative theme because they are some of the most important elements that lay the foundation for the theme. The point of view is about personal experiences or opinions coming from the author. The author is personally narrating events through their world. The character comes from the main person in the story. You have the main character which is the (protagonist) and an opposing character, which is the (antagonist). But in this short story, there is the main character and opposing characters so the story is easily understood. It can go beyond the other literary elements in a short story. The character sets the stage for the rest of the literary elements that make the narrative theme. References Clugston, R. (2010). Journey into Literature. San Diego, CA; Bridgepoint Education, INC.

Translating Names of Minerals to Gemstones and Back

Translating Names of Minerals to Gemstones and Back When certain minerals compress under specific conditions, most often below the surface of the earth, a process occurs which forms a new compound known as a gemstone. Gemstones can be made of one or more minerals, and as a result, some minerals refer to more than one gemstone name. In order to better understand the interaction between the two, reference the two charts below - the first details each gemstone and the minerals that combined to form it and the second lists each mineral and the gemstones it can produce. For instance, Quartz can form Amethyst, Ametrine, Citrine, and Morion (and a few more) gemstones depending on which other minerals and elements compress together and at what depth in the earths crust and temperature the compression occurs at. How Gemstones Are Formed Most gemstones are formed in either the crust or the very top layer of the earths mantle in the molten magma bubbling in the depths of the world, but only peridot and diamonds are formed deep in the mantle. All gems, however, are mined in the crust where they can cool to solidify in the crust, which is made up of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock. Like the minerals that make up gemstones, some are associated with one kind of rock in particular while others have several types of rock that go into the creation of that stone. Igneous gemstones are formed when magma solidifies in the crust and crystallizes to form minerals then an increase in pressure starts a series of chemical exchanges which eventually cause the mineral to compress into a gemstone. Igneous rock gemstones include amethyst, citrine, ametrine, emeralds, morganite, and aquamarine as well as garnet, moonstone, apatite, and even diamond and zircon. Gemstones to Minerals The following chart serves as a translation guide between gemstones and minerals with each link going to photos of the gems and minerals: Gemstone Name Mineral Name Achroite Tourmaline Agate Chalcedony Alexandrite Chrysoberyl Amazonite Microcline Feldspar Amber Amber Amethyst Quartz Ametrine Quartz Andalusite Andalusite Apatite Apatite Aquamarine Beryl Aventurine Chalcedony Benitoite Benitoite Beryl Beryl Bixbite Beryl Bloodstone Chalcedony Brazilianite Brazilianite Cairngorm Quartz Carnelian Chalcedony Chrome Diopside Diopside Chrysoberyl Chrysoberyl Chrysolite Olivine Chrysoprase Chalcedony Citrine Quartz Cordierite Cordierite Demantoid Garnet Andradite Diamond Diamond Dichroite Cordierite Dravite Tourmaline Emerald Beryl Garnet Pyrope, Almandine, Andradite, Spessartine, Grossularite, Uvarovite Goshenite Beryl Heliodor Beryl Heliotrope Chalcedony Hessonite Grossularite Hiddenite Spodumene Indigolite/Indicolite Tourmaline Iolite Cordierite Jade Nephrite or Jadeite Jasper Chalcedony Kunzite Spodumene Labradorite Plagioclase Feldspar Lapis Lazuli Lazurite Malachite Malachite Mandarin Garnet Spessartine Moonstone Orthoclase, Plagioclase, Albite, Microcline Feldspars Morganite Beryl Morion Quartz Onyx Chalcedony Opal Opal Peridot Olivine Pleonast Spinel Quartz Quartz Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite Rhodolite Almandine-Pyrope Garnet Rubellite Tourmaline Rubicelle Spinel Ruby Corundum Sapphire Corundum Sard Chalcedony Scapolite Scapolite Schorl Tourmaline Sinhalite Sinhalite Sodalite Sodalite Spinel Spinel Sugilite Sugilite Sunstone Oligoclase Feldspar Taaffeite Taaffeite Tanzanite Zoisite Titanite Titanite (Sphene) Topaz Topaz Tourmaline Tourmaline Tsavorite Garnet Grossularite Turquoise Turquoise Uvarovite Uvarovite Verdelite Tourmaline Violan Diopside Zircon Zircon Minerals to Gemstones In the following chart, the minerals in the column on the left translate to the gemstone name on the right, with links contained therein forwarding to more information and additional of the minerals and gemstones associated. Mineral Name Gemstone Name Albite Moonstone Almandine Garnet Almandine-Pyrope Garnet Rhodolite Amber Amber Andalusite Andalusite Andradite Demantoid Garnet Apatite Apatite Benitoite Benitoite Beryl Aquamarine, Beryl, Bixbite, Emerald, Goshenite, Heliodore, Morganite Brazilianite Brazilianite Chalcedony Agate, Aventurine, Bloodstone, Carnelian, Chrysoprase, Heliotrope, Jasper, Onyx, Sard Chrysoberyl Alexandrite, Chrysoberyl Cordierite Cordierite, Dichroite, Iolite Corundum Ruby, Sapphire Diamond Diamond Diopside Chrome Diopside, Violan Grossular/Grossularite Hessonite, Tsavorite Garnet Jadeite Jade Lazurite Lapis Lazuli Malachite Malachite Microcline Feldspar Amazonite, Moonstone Nephrite Jade Oligoclase Feldspar Sunstone Olivine Chrysolite, Peridot Opal Opal Orthoclase Feldspar Moonstone Plagioclase Feldspar Moonstone, Labradorite Pyrope Garnet Quartz Amethyst, Ametrine, Cairngorm, Citrine, Morion, Quartz Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite Scapolite Scapolite Sinhalite Sinhalite Sodalite Sodalite Spessartine Mandarin Garnet Sphene (Titanite) Titanite Spinel Pleonast, Rubicelle Spodumene Hiddenite, Kunzite Sugilite Sugilite Taaffeite Taaffeite Topaz Topaz Tourmaline Achroite, Dravite, Indigolite/Indicolite, Rubellite, Schorl, Verdelite Turquoise Turquoise Uvarovite Garnet, Uvarovite Zircon Zircon Zoisite Tanzanite

A Quick Guide to Encourage Your Child to Read

A Quick Guide to Encourage Your Child to Read How can you encourage your child, whether a beginning reader or a reluctant reader, to read childrens books on a regular basis? Here are some ideas that may help. Simple Tips to Encourage Reading Make a habit of reading to your child every day, whether she is a one-year-old or a 10-year-old.When your child is able, have him read to you. You can take turns reading chapters in a simple chapter book, for example.Get a library card for your child. Go to the library every week and take out several books.Be aware of your childs interests and direct your child to related books.Try to find a series that she really likes and will want to continue reading.Provide a comfortable reading area, with good lighting, in your home.Discuss books with your child.If your child is a reluctant reader and not reading on grade level, buy her hi/lo books (books with a high-interest level, low vocabulary).Talk to your childs teacher and ask for suggestions.If your child responds well to incentives and enjoys using the computer, enroll in an online book group (with your supervision).If your child really enjoys a particular author, check with your librarian about other authors or books he might enjoy.Chi ldren also often enjoy the opportunity to read childrens magazines. Main Takeaways Basically, you want to stay on the side of encouraging rather than nagging if you want your child to read and love doing it. Nothing puts a child off faster than feeling forced to do something, so be careful. The importance of reading to your child daily cannot be emphasized enough so make it a priority. Also, be consistent with reading aloud together, trips to the library and other encouraging activities. Finally, if your child is in a preteen or entering middle school, the article  Middle School, Reading and Tweens: Motivate Your Preteen to Read  is a useful and informative resource.

Lorenzo the Magnificent Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lorenzo the Magnificent - Research Paper Example Some of his well-known achievements include preservation of the independence and the regional integrity of Florence and assisting in the creation of peace through the whole of Italy through his diplomatic policies. Though Lorenzo lived only forty-three years, he managed to gain the title of one of the most significant masters during renaissance and became the exemplar of what is presently referred as the Renaissance man4. Lorenzo had an interest in almost everything and prospered in almost everything that he attempted. However, he was admired and at the same time loathed. His interest in music, religion, art, literature, and philosophy grew with time and could hold extravagant parties at the family palace to discuss on numerous classical literature works and philosophy5. Lorenzo was born in 1449 to a family of five and was the elderly son to Piero, his father6. Lorenzo’s family, the Medici, was at this time involved in the banking sector and other businesses within the region7. Additionally, his family was also involved in the running of the republic. His grandfather, Cosimo de’ Medici, was the ruler of the republic while at the same time involved in the banking business8. Both Cosimo and Piero loved, supported and collected arts. Lorenzo’s mother wrote sonnets and poems and was actively involved in supporting arts during this period. During his childhood, Lorenzo was deemed as the brightest among the siblings of Piero9. He took part in hunting, jousting, and horse breeding10. However, his father died while he was young, and his mother took over the responsibility of bringing him up. While still alive, his father had sent Lorenzo on numerous significant diplomatic missions. For instance, his father had sent him to Rome to meet t he pope and other significant political and religious leaders11. Lorenzo, unlike his brother Giuliano, did not have good looks and had short

Compare and Contrast The Learning Process Research Paper

Compare and Contrast The Learning Process - Research Paper Example Learning has turned out to be a life-long process and the dividing line between youth learning and learning in adulthood is fast vanishing. Merriam quotes Geissler (1996,pp.35-36), â€Å"Youth in fact, who are sent out into life with a dwindling sackful of values,....face a situation in which they have to keep filling up their sack. This leads adult education to take lifelong learning as its motto. The duty to be free(with the pressure to realize oneself)is the duty to go on learning.....The hole in the ozone layer provides the stimulus for courses to which people turn for advice, mad cow disease pushes up the numbers attending vegetarian cooking courses, and backache creates a need for posture classes(p.6) By the time a student graduates from the traditional college education and enters the competitive job market, or if he is an entrepreneur thinks of establishing ones own production unit, technology has moved faster than what is taught in the syllabus and merits of ones degree certificate. The process of learning has become continuous from the point of launching ones career to eventual retirement. Merriam writes, â€Å"...technology has had an enormous impact on the economy. Robotics and automation displace production workers but create other jobs; technology has fostered whole new work structures such as telecommuting; and so on. The effect of the global economy and technological advances on the nature of adult learning is staggering. Adults find that they must continue their learning past formal schooling in order to function at work, at home, and in their communities. The need for new knowledge for updating old information, for retraining, has resulted in multi-billion dollar edu cational enterprise.†(p.2) Before comparing and and contrasting the learning processes through adult development and learning models, it needs to be clearly understood that most of the theories are inclusive and they have something to give and

Morning Bike ride Essay Example for Free

Morning  Bike ride Essay Go to the sports centre and first do a certain sport like badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility.  Evening  Nothing: go and play with your friends or just rest! Week 5: Fifth week  Thursday  Morning  Paper round: As this is my job, I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day. Bike ride: aim to do 3 hours bike ride around Froyle, Bentley, Binsted etc (suggestions only) and pace yourself to reach the 3 hours. Dont worry about getting up to early because its a Saturday and your next activity is at 14:30; but dont forget lunch!  Afternoon  Go to the park to play football or basketball at the park. This way you can enjoy yourself whilst doing an aerobic activity with some anaerobic working (sprints etc) could also go and find the boat and go rowing down the river and work on your upper body strength so undercuts will be easier to save. Row down to Binsted or further. Could also go cycling. Aim to be working for at least 5 hours. Evening  Weights: Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 40 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called!) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles. Friday  Morning  Paper round: as this is my job I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.  Afternoon  Go to the sports centre and first do a certain sport like badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Evening  Nothing: go and play with your friends or just rest!  Saturday  Morning  Bike ride: aim to do 3 hours bike ride around Froyle, Bentley, Binsted etc (suggestions only) and pace yourself to reach the 3 hours. Dont worry about getting up to early because its a Saturday and your next activity is at 14:30; but dont forget lunch! Afternoon  Go to the park to play football or basketball at the park. This way you can enjoy yourself whilst doing an aerobic activity with some anaerobic working (sprints etc) could also go and find the boat and go rowing down the river and work on your upper body strength so undercuts will be easier to save. Row down to Binsted or further. Could also go cycling. Aim to be working for at least 5 hours. Evening   Weights: Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 40 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called!) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles. Sunday  Morning  Nothing to do! Stay in bed or get up and do whatever.  Afternoon  Go to the sports centre and first do a certain sport like badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Evening  Nothing: go and play with your friends or just rest!  Monday  Morning  Paper round: as this is my job I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.  Big Bike ride: get a few friends together, a packed lunch and bikes to go on a 10 hour bike ride (Inc lunch)! Try not to have to many rests but also dont over exert yourself though! Afternoon  Big Bike ride: get a few friends together, a packed lunch and bikes to go on a 10 hour bike ride (Inc lunch)! Try not to have to many rests but also dont over exert yourself though!  Evening  Weights: Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 40 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called!) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles.

Brand Equity Essay -- Business, Marketing

INTRODUCTION â€Å"A brand is a distinguishing name and/or symbol intended to identify the goods or services of either on seller or group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitors† (Aaker 1991).A brand is the most valuable asset for an organization in the current competing world. Every organization is formulating strategies to make its brand popular and significant not only in markets but also in minds of the customers. Brand is the relation of customer with the brand. It is promise which a company makes to the customer about the goods and service they offer (Gregg 2002) Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors offerings which means that brand becomes an important tool for marketer as consumer use it as guideline to identify certain products and their usefulness for the customer. The value of the brand can be determined by the concept of brand equity which has emerged as the one of the key factors in understanding the brand value (Krishnan 1996). Brand Equity Over years brand equity has been the topic of interest to the marketing companies. Brand equity can help evaluate brand and provide certainty around market share expectation (Peter).The most widely accepted definition of brand equity is the value accomplished by a particular brand(Krishnan and Hartline 2001). To gain competitive advantage in marketing perspective the central theme relies on building and sustaining brand equity. Brand equity as defined by (Wood 2000) is the relation of brand with its customers. Brand equity according to (Srivastav and Shocker 1991) constitutes of brand strength and brand value. According to (Motameni, Shah... ...dom), (2) behavioral response (i.e., purchase), (3) expressed over time, (4) by some decision-making unit, (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and (6) is a function of psychological (decision- making, evaluative) processes. This evidence is empirically supported by an experiment designed by (Jacob 1973). According to (Delgado and Aleman 2005) brand loyaltywhich is trust in brand ultimately results in the brand equity the study was conducted in the south eastern part of Spain and resulting from 271 surveys and the results indicated that brand trust evolves from the brand reliability (the feeling that brand would meet my expectations) and brand intentions (the feeling that brand is worth enough to solve all my problems) these two things leads to brand trust which leads to repurchase of the brand resulting in brand loyalty. Brand Equity Essay -- Business, Marketing INTRODUCTION â€Å"A brand is a distinguishing name and/or symbol intended to identify the goods or services of either on seller or group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitors† (Aaker 1991).A brand is the most valuable asset for an organization in the current competing world. Every organization is formulating strategies to make its brand popular and significant not only in markets but also in minds of the customers. Brand is the relation of customer with the brand. It is promise which a company makes to the customer about the goods and service they offer (Gregg 2002) Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors offerings which means that brand becomes an important tool for marketer as consumer use it as guideline to identify certain products and their usefulness for the customer. The value of the brand can be determined by the concept of brand equity which has emerged as the one of the key factors in understanding the brand value (Krishnan 1996). Brand Equity Over years brand equity has been the topic of interest to the marketing companies. Brand equity can help evaluate brand and provide certainty around market share expectation (Peter).The most widely accepted definition of brand equity is the value accomplished by a particular brand(Krishnan and Hartline 2001). To gain competitive advantage in marketing perspective the central theme relies on building and sustaining brand equity. Brand equity as defined by (Wood 2000) is the relation of brand with its customers. Brand equity according to (Srivastav and Shocker 1991) constitutes of brand strength and brand value. According to (Motameni, Shah... ...dom), (2) behavioral response (i.e., purchase), (3) expressed over time, (4) by some decision-making unit, (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and (6) is a function of psychological (decision- making, evaluative) processes. This evidence is empirically supported by an experiment designed by (Jacob 1973). According to (Delgado and Aleman 2005) brand loyaltywhich is trust in brand ultimately results in the brand equity the study was conducted in the south eastern part of Spain and resulting from 271 surveys and the results indicated that brand trust evolves from the brand reliability (the feeling that brand would meet my expectations) and brand intentions (the feeling that brand is worth enough to solve all my problems) these two things leads to brand trust which leads to repurchase of the brand resulting in brand loyalty.

Gender Roles Seen in Toys

Gender Roles and Toys By Shawna Robb English 101 Professor Solomon One room has pretty pink wallpaper with a princess border; the other is blue with monster trucks on one-wall and sports pictures on another. It is not hard to tell which room is female and which room is male. Male and female are used in this instance to define genders. Gender, unlike sex, is a universal guideline upon which individuals are placed. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behavior, and activities that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women. When the pressure of gender stereotypes is open to debate some say there are prenatal influences that are gender based. What is obvious is that gender plays a significant role when it comes to the toys people select for their children and the way that toy companies market them. â€Å"Toys-R-Us† is a United States based toy company who has been taken to task for marketing designs that reflect or promote gender specific toys. It is wrong that toy stores, like â€Å"Toy’s-R-Us†, clearly divides the toys by gender in stores and in toy advertisements because it teaches children how they are supposed to be in order to be accepted by society, promotes aggressive behavior for males and a passive attitude for females. Stereotypical boy toys are things like action figures and toy cars. These are both active and aggressive, which is â€Å"masculine† representing how men are supposed to be in society. Girl’s toys are often dolls, dress up, and toys that mimic household duties. That is stereotypical because its saying girls are passive, not active. It is setting standards that girls belong in the home for their future while boys get doctor kits or chemistry sets that give them higher goals. Introducing children to these gender role ideas this early is shaping them for the rest of their lives. The world’s leading fast food franchise has an interest in the gender of its young customers. At McDonalds a very popular child’s meal is the happy meal. When a Happy Meal is ordered the worker always asks if the child is a boy or a girl. This lets the worker know what type of toy to put in with the meal. The McDonalds worker could ask if the customer wants a hot wheels or a mini Barbie but instead they learn the gender of the customer and stereotypically provide the toy. Toy stores separate their store by toys for girls and toys for boys. The girl isle has stereotypical girl colors like pink, purple, and yellow. All of these colors are light when the boy’s section has colors like red, blue’s, black, brown and green. All of the boy’s colors are darker and less â€Å"pretty†. Just from that quick look down the isle one can notice which is for girls versus boys. The dark colors are less southing and action oriented. The girl colors, are lighter making them much more calm and subdued. This same pattern can be seen in advertisements on television. Female directed commercials are light colors, with softer music usually having lyrics that explain the toy and giving passive examples for what can be done with the toy. Boy’s commercials however have the message that they are going to go out and do something active with the toy. The music for masculine toys is generally uplifting and motivating, which makes a boy excited to play with the toy. Commercials cannot be avoided and they reach almost all boys and girls on a day-to-day basis. One interesting area in looking at the influences of toys and gender is the advertising of toys relative to levels of aggression. The television airwaves are filled with toy advertising. Is there a relationship between this advertising and levels of violence, does this relationship show a gender bias? For example a parent might wonder if the purchase of â€Å"boy oriented† toys for their child might increase the child’s risk for becoming violent. The parent might also wonder if merely watching the advertisements themselves increase children’s risk for becoming violent. In 2001 Kilinger, Hamilton and Cantrell offered the observation that the use of commercials to sell children’s toy products could have a socialization impact on children similar to that of television programming. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory says, â€Å"human behavior is transmitted, whether deliberately or inadvertently, largely through exposure to social models†(Bandura 1). When a child thinks that a behavior will be punished versus rewarded but instead is not even acknowledged they will perceive it as a reward. Children usually continue rewarded behavior to receive more praise. Television is seen as a â€Å"super tutor† to Bandura, the child will model what they see on television, not knowing if it is good or bad. For those children whose parents are not good role models, the television becomes the behavioral role model. If violence and aggression is viewed on the television, it is more likely that children will engage in violent and aggressive behavior. While television can model appropriate behavior, there is a well-documented tendency for violence and aggression. Advertisements are difficult to avoid since they are interwoven in shows and they tend to emphasize violent and aggressive behavior (Kilinger 13). In the study by Kilinger, Hamilton and Cantrell they observed â€Å"children’s perceptions of aggressive content, stereotypic sex-role behavior, and appropriateness of television toy commercials†(Kilinger, 11). The results of the study support the notion that there is a gender bias in terms of aggressive content and consequently aggression potential. The results did show that toys and the advertisements for them aimed toward boys were more aggressive than that of the toys that are gender neutral or aimed toward girls. The commercials shown were clearly sex role stereotyped. This is consistent with other research that has supported the idea that boys are more socialized toward aggression. Boys may be more desensitized to aggression as a result of gender stereotyped toy commercials as well as their toy selections in the past. Again, this is a reason for concern since commercials are unavoidable while watching television. While the promotion of aggression is certainly an adequate reason to exercise great care when it comes to toy and gender, it is not the only reason. Parents do support gender bias toys from the time the child is born. More often than not, a boy will receive toys that are focused towards boys and girls will receive stereotypical girl toys. The children do not go out and buy this themselves; their parents will pick out their toys until the child is already taught what they should like. Parent’s will find out they are having a boy or a girl then base everything around that detail, like the room color example, children and baby clothes are also gender biased as well as their toys. When the girl is playing with girl toys she will be rewarded for the â€Å"right† interests, as would a boy playing with a boy toy. They will then continue this behavior to get their parent’s approval. If a father see’s their son playing with a Barbie doll or asking to be a princess, their father might redirect them saying those are girl things urging them to play with a male biased toy. One thing Social Learning Theory has assumed is that reinforcement and punishment is the means by which parents socialize children. The study named â€Å"Parental Socialization of Young Children’s Play†, done by Eisenberg, Wolchik, Hernandez and Pasternack, observed the parent’s involvement with enforcing gender stereotypes. This study found that parents do reward their children for same-sex toy play. It is not only the toy companies that enforce gender roles in toys; the people raising the child are also responsible for teaching stereotypical thinking. The idea that cross-sexed interests are wrong does come from society and children start learning this from the time they are born. (Eisenberg, Wolchik, Hernandez and Pasternack 1506). A thirteen-year-old Swedish boy, Hannes Psajd, spoke out about the gender focused toys in â€Å"Toys-R-Us†. Hannes said that the 2008 â€Å"Toys-R-Us† Christmas Catalog showed boys playing with different toys than girls do. The boy said that he and his sister always play with the same toys and there is nothing wrong with that. Psajd said that it sends the wrong message to girls, since they are playing with only passive toys. Hannes stated â€Å"boys want to be princesses sometimes†(Landes 1), demonstrating that this store does not only discriminate against girls. When the claim was looked into by a regulatory committee they stated that, â€Å"Toys-R-Us discriminates based on gender and counteracts positive social behavior, lifestyles, and attitudes†(1). This shows that children do recognize this problem if it is brought to their attention. The problem of toys defining gender roles does not completely rest  rest with â€Å"Toys-R-Us† but is a societal problem. Society has created the gender roles we now have and these roles are often strict. While it will take time to make fundamental changes in gender bias a starting point could be the creation of more gender-neutral toys. These toys would have to find their way into homes and that could be a function of the advertising that is currently part of the problem. Parents need to be educated to nurture more flexible gender roles and allow children to explore their interests, even if this interest violates stereotypical norms. Boys and girls should have equal opportunity to play with a doll or a monster truck. Children are taught gender roles from the time they are born, toys are one way that this is taught to them. In a toy store like â€Å"Toys-R-Us†, it is clear to see which isle is for boys and which one is for girls. The colors and stereotypical gender bias toys show the clear division in the store between feminine versus masculine toys. Television advertisements depict females as being passive while they promote aggressive behavior for males, this can lead to boys acting violently in the future. Parents sometimes scold children who play with cross-sex toys, which will teach the child not to repeat this behavior. Gender roles teach a child what they are supposed to be, feminine or masculine, and toys to play a part in enforcing these gender stereotypes. Works Cited Bandura, Albert. â€Å"Psychological Modeling: Conflicting Theories†. Chicago: Aldine Atherton, 1971. Print. Eisenberg, Nancy, Walchik, Sharlene A. Hernandez, Robert, Pasternack, Jeannette F. â€Å"Parental Socialization of Young Children's Play: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study. † Child Development 56. 6 (1985): 1506-13. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Klinger, Lori J. , James A. Hamilton, Cantrell, Peggy J. â€Å"Children's Perceptions of Aggressive and Gender-Specific Content in Toy Commercials. † Social Behavior and Personality 29. 1 (2001): 11-20. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Landes, David. â€Å"Toys‘R’Us Scolded for Gender Discrimination. † The Local: Sweden’s News in English. 6 October 2009. Print.

Csr in Foxconn Essay

More and more companies are investing in China, to share the incredible profit generate from the 1.4 trillion people. One of the US based company, which it’s going to invest 35% of its stake, to a fast growing China private-owned timber flooring company. Like most local Chinese company, CSR is not implementing in that company as well as no management working on it. Generally speaking, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrates into business model, in which a company monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of law, ethical standard and international norms. Although this timber company has high growth in the market and generate good profit, it may easily pose a risk to investor if they are not pay attention to social and environmental issues. Below summaries would like to analyst the potential impacts may arise from different parties such as employees, consumers, environment, and communities and how they may be aff ected by the decision. First of all, it’s no doubt that employee are the basic component of an industry. By taking measures from the Social Accountabilities 8000 (SA8000), they should consider if the company has employed child labor. Child labor is very popular in China and other developing countries like Guatemala especially industry like involving agricultural and manufacturing that need high working force. It may violate the law and damage the company brand easily. Other than legal extend, an interesting figure showed that (www.DoWellDoGood.net), â€Å"83% of the employee will leave the job if their employer used child labor.† Obvious, child labor nowadays give more harm than good, instead, providing wellness program for employee and their families create certain shared value that they will love more the company in both mentally and physically. Moreover, it’s also important that the firm should provide adequate safety working environment as well as organize enough safety training. It will certainly reduce the number of accidents occurs. In the early 80s, China had launched Social Security Fund, all companies must follow closely and provide all kinds of insurances to employees in order not to obstruct from the law and political issue. In addition, the company should encourage workers to form union and those who involve won’t be discriminated. Because employee more involve in the discussion regarding payroll, community welfare and company development will surely increase their loyalty at all. The investor has to review all the working hours, salary standard and penalty and make sure it’s fair to everyone. Secondly, the investor should concern to the consumers’ feedback in which the company has to create customer’s satisfaction to their products. However, in this competitive world, many companies like to exaggerated the usage and beauty of their products to attract more customers by means of media as a communication platform. For this reason, the investor should review all these products advertisement that might cause harmful effect to the product brand name. Reputation of the timber flooring company takes years to come to the top five in China can be ruined in hours. One accident always cause in flooring industries may be the level of formaldehyde is so high that cause toxic to human. Heath problems always cause fatal to death of company. One of big scandal happened recently nearly killed AJISEN – one of the ramen restaurant in which â€Å"has been accused of making their broths using soup concentrate and cheap flavoring powders, known for a guarantee that all their soups come from a broth of pork bones simmered to perfection.†(Patrick Keefe) Stock price of AJISEN drops from HK$17.82 to HK$9.32 (51.7%) within 2 weeks just right after the scandal and never climb back up until now. Indeed, customer are all likely the same, they only purchase goods they fell confidence by faith as choices are not the only one. Above example shows a warning signal that in case the company has listed in the stock market in the future. They have to take care much more than now on the CSR issues as media can spread out news within one day. Thirdly, the company should put more efforts not to interfere the environment. Recently, Chinese government has set up many laws to preserve environmental friendly after enter the WTO, ISO14000 standard is basic management standard that has to follow. Due to their factories including plantation, chemical working for production and raw material importation, there are a lot of chances may encounter to environmental dispute. As an investor, other than make sure correct documentations and license for environmental issue, they also have to study all the process in terms of energy use and logistics. Considering the firm has 50% of timber source globally and 10% of their customers are overseas, excess packaging of products and greenhouse gases are not just costly to the environment but also costly to the business. â€Å"By reducing it’s packaging and cutting 100 million miles from the delivery routes of it’s trucks, Wal-Mart lowered carbon emissions and saved $200 million in cost†. (Harvard Business Review). Above example shows typical how mutual benefits if we re-arrange business decision and enhance regulation reforms even just simple as logistic. Besides, China has a lot of tax reduction and funding approaches to achieve government supports by encouraging people to protect the nature. Furthermore, the investor should also pay attention to their suppliers. Not only to check if the imported products are fulfill the regulations but also review the availability and the ease of transportation as 50% outsourcing of the company is not a small figure to ignore. Above all, CSR is not a short term objective, the investor should set up a CSR team in the company for promoting and working for long term prospective. It’s clearly that CSR is helping to build up the company brand far more easily than performing marketing and sales on timber flooring only. According to Harvard Business Review, â€Å"Not all profit is equal. Profit involving a social purpose represent a higher form of capitalism, one that creates a positive cycle of company and community prosperity†, it’s no doubt that customer will purchase more if the timber flooring shows â€Å"green† and if the company anticipate more social welfare activities. To conclude, the investor should immerse CSR into each employee and the community in order to enhance share value to form a mutually beneficial society.

Contributing Factors of The American Revolution essays

Contributing Factors of The American Revolution essays The factors which contributed towards the American rebellion in 1776 which ultimately led to the American Revolution and independence, can be ordered from the relatively most important, to the relatively not so important. The most important contributing factor was the restrictions of the colonists civil liberties by the British. Less important was the taxation implemented by the British Parliament. Lower still was the British military measures that the British took in order to try and suppress the American patriots. And the least important factor was the legacy of colonial religious and political ideas. The most important factor contributing to the American rebellion in 1776 was the restrictions of the colonists civil liberties by the British. Unlike all other factors this alone took away the colonists freedoms. By seizing our inalienable rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) the British made us rebel. The British were not only taking our governments money through the navigation acts enforced in 1763, but they began to take our jobs, homes and food as well. The quartering act of 1765 stated that colonists had to provide shelter, food and supplies to British troops. The sanctity of the colonists homes was violated. In certain cases these British soldiers would steal everything from the colonists houses. Possibly the worst violations of civil liberties came with the Intolerable Acts of 1774. The acts took away the government of Boston, and took away the rights of the people from Boston. One of these rights was trial by jury. Worse still, if a British soldier killed a colonist , he wouldnt have trial in America, but he would be sent back to Britain where his chances of vindication were better. As the Declaration of Independence says, ... Endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness... that whenever any governmen...

How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals

How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals Sodium nitrate is a common chemical, found in food, fertilizer, glass enamel, and pyrotechnics. Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, forms colorless hexagonal crystals. Although these crystals are a bit more challenging to grow than some of the beginner crystals, the interesting crystal structure makes them worth the effort. The crystal somewhat resembles calcite, exhibiting some of the same properties. Sodium nitrate crystals can be used to examine double refraction, cleavage, and glide. Sodium Nitrate Crystal Growing Solution Dissolve 110 grams sodium nitrate per 100 ml hot water. This will be a supersaturated solution. One method of growing crystals is to allow this solution to cool in an undisturbed location and allow it to produce crystals as the liquid evaporates.Another method of growing this crystal is to grow a single crystal in a sealed container from a supersaturated solution. If you choose to follow this method, prepare the aforementioned solution, allow this solution to cool, then add a couple of grains of sodium nitrate and seal the container. The excess sodium nitrate will deposit on the grains, producing a saturated sodium nitrate solution. Allow a couple of days for this to occur.Pour off the saturated solution. Pour a small amount of this solution into a shallow dish. Allow the liquid to evaporate, to produce small seed crystals. Select a crystal or two for further growth.To prepare the supersaturated growing solution, to your existing solution add 3 grams of sodium nitrate per 100 ml of w ater in the original solution. So, if you prepared 300 ml of solution, you would add an extra 9 grams of sodium nitrate. Carefully add your seed crystal to this liquid. You can suspend the crystal from a nylon monofilament. A nylon monofilament or wire is used because it wont wick up the solution, causing evaporation.Seal the jar and allow the crystals to grow at a constant temperature, someplace they wont be disturbed. Sodium nitrate is very sensitive to temperature changes, so maintaining a constant temperature is important. If you have difficulty maintaining a temperature, you can place the sealed jar inside a water bath. If you dont see crystal growth after a few days, try lowering the temperature slightly.

Managerial Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Control - Essay Example The performance of every division is evaluated through its Return on Investment (ROI) (Jensen, and Meckling, 1976, 306) and this is the same with ACS as well. Millwall Company has been awarded the contract for a specific project. The project requires the component which is manufactured by Reading company. The Reading Company is operating less than full capacity. Millwall has requested to buy the component for his project from Reading. As there is no transfer pricing policy of ACS therefore Reading offered Millwall the component at regular price less selling and distribution expense. But this offer was not accepted by Millwall and it has proposed to pay Reading the price which was less than cost of the component. The corporate management of ACS has tried to negotiate between the two companies and offered Reading $10.12 for component. The figure was evaluated by the combination of standard full manufacturing cost plus 15 percent markup. However this suggestion was not accepted by both companies. Reading regularly sells the component at $13 to outsiders. However Millwall estimated the cost figure of the component at $7.60. Reading offered to supply that component to Miilwall at $11.20 which was extracted from regular price i.e. $13 less variable and distribution expenses i.e. $1.20. The figure shows that reading would have profit of $1.80 if it supplies the component to Millwall at $11.20. The acceptance of the Reading’s proposed price by Millwall might have positive effect on the attitude of Reading’s management toward intra-company business. Firstly, Reading’s proposed price would be accepted by one of the intra-company of Anderson Customized Security (ACS) as it is always better to sell goods to intracompany. Secondly, Reading can also have a profit of $1.80. Though this would be less profit as Reading could have earned more by selling the component to outsiders but the company has to play its part in supporting the other companies of the same

Is There a Need for Restriction on the Use of Mobile Phones in Public Essay

Is There a Need for Restriction on the Use of Mobile Phones in Public Areas - Essay Example I feel strongly that people like me who were disrupted from enjoying the movie by these unwelcome interruptions could only think about the mobile phone users as uncivilized people who were not supposed to be there in the first place. It is at these times that people wish that mobile phones were banned altogether. However, taking into account the fact that mobile phones have become an integral part of life these days, like water and air, one would have to compromise a bit and think of effective restrictions on the use of mobile phones in public places. There could be innumerable reasons to support the view that mobile phones should be banned from public places. First of all, one person’s need to communicate with her/his dear ones should not interfere with the peace of mind and enjoyment another person seeks in a well-reputed public place. If someone needs to be in touch with others through the mobile phone while at a public place, it would be a thoughtful act to keep the phone in silent mode and answer them by going out of the place, or by text messaging. Another reason why one should refrain from using mobile phones in public places is that it would attract unnecessary attention to the one using it. The person using the phone would usually forget the surroundings and talk louder than necessary, forcing others to listen to her/his personal affairs. Some people just try to display how expensive their phone is and how many features it has by using them all in one place. I have even witnessed some teenagers who watch video clip s in a theatre, with the volume set too high, while a movie for which they took an expensive ticket plays helplessly in front of them, in the big screen.  

Accounting and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Accounting and Society - Essay Example However, no such conclusion was provided within the video as to which perspective is better of the two. This creates a knowledge gap and thus provides the researchers with the opportunity to bridge the gap by setting forth an in depth research regarding the best perspective that should be implemented in accounting practices. Previous literatures have suggested that the arguments in favour of implementing the pro regulation perspective of accounting and arguments against the utilization of free market perspective have been influenced by political, social, economic and research consequences. Thus the primary objective of this research is to do a critical evaluation providing evidence regarding the implementation of the above mentioned approaches. The paper will also highlight the political, social, economic and research influences that have historically impacted on the level of accounting regulation in a developed economy with established security markets. Following the in-depth analys is of the factors, remarks will be put forward as to which accounting standard should be implemented. In order to carry on the research efficiently and effectively specific set of tasks will be divided between the two members. One member of the group will be primarily responsible for doing a critical evaluation of the pro-regulation perspective whereas the other member will be assigned with the responsibility of analyzing the free market perspective.... Extensive literature review will be done in order to justify every comment that will be made. The literatures that will form the groundwork of this research are peer reviewed journals that cover different aspects of these accounting regulation perspectives. Three peer reviewed articles will be used in order to explain the implementation of the literature in order to explain the topic of issue. In addition to that, the video that has been used as the basis for initiating the research process will also serve as a useful resource. The overall time frame required for this research is 2 months. The tasks that will be performed over the course of these 2 months have been explained in the following table. Timeline (Source: Author’s creation) PART B Previous literatures in the field of accounting regulation acknowledged the social, economic, and political factors that are associated with the advancements made in the accounting rules and explained the events that led to the formulation of different regulatory frameworks that are internationally accepted. Those literatures have also highlighted the aims and purposes of accounting regulation and also identified the necessity for imposing these rules from many different perspectives, particularly, the social, economic and professional perspectives.  The present study endeavours to gather and to contrast in one place the different perspectives regarding the pro-regulations and free market approach to accounting practices. This study will only include reference papers and articles which have explained and established the theory of accounting regulation. Thus issues that have been discussed within this essay are not exhaustive they do not necessarily represent the last research dealing with these issues.   The relevance of

Taiwan And Korea Differently Treated By Japan History Essay

Taiwan And Korea Differently Treated By Japan History Essay Japan was a country with strong military force, with great force came with a wild ambition, an ambition to take over the the world. In the past decades Japan had colonized many countries, some countries are now still belong to Japan, for example Okinawa. And there are some other countries that made it to freedom after Japan raised the white flag in World War Two. Taiwan and Korea, two asian countries Japan had taken and made as its colony. Korea, on one side, has a rich culture background and practices, and on the other side, Taiwan, an island previously colonized by Chinas Qing dynasty. Both countries experienced Japans colonization, for thirty years Japan occupied Korea, and for fifty years Taiwan was taken by Japan, setting a scar in people whom suffered the horrible experiences, the outcome is still now haunting the nations. But was the result of the colonization of Taiwan and Korea just pure negative? Perhaps, in a way, the colonization improved them; by taking over the country, Japan enhanced its trade with foreign countries, introduce modern technology, or even educated their people more openly. Korea and Taiwan, did Japan treat one country more harshly than the other? One easier to taken over than the other? As the people of the colony, how did they see their colonizer, Japan? Japan had thoughts about colonizing Taiwan since 1592, several attempts to invade Taiwan was unsuccessful. Japan had the power, all it was missing was luck. After the victory of the First Sino-Japanese War, Japan and China signed the Treaty of Shimonseki, in 17 April 1895, not only Japan received a generous offer of 200 million Kuping taels as reparation, and made the Korea independence(which in a way means giving Korea to Japan) ; Taiwan, along with the Penghu Islands were also given to Japan in perpetuity. This was the starting margin of the 50 years long colonial period. Japan had wanted to invade Korea since Hideyoshi came to power, he led the newly unified Japan into the fist invasion, in 1592, with the goal of conquering China, India and Korea; It was a failure. Hideyoshi was not satisfied with the result of the first attack, and decided to attack Korea shortly after a year from the last defeat, a second wave of invasion was launched, this time it was aimed at Korea solely. The invasion was also known as the Seven Year War (due to its span). With the aid from China, Korea successfully defeated Japan from invading. Hideyoshi died in 1598, shortly after issuing the order for the evacuation of Korea,(Japan pg81). After the last invasion, which ended in 1598, Korea enjoyed 312 years of peace without the Japanese invading. It wasnt until the out come of the Russo-Japanese War, which lead to the signing of the Eulsa Treaty in 1905. This treaty effect made Korea a dominion of Japan, permanently. Another treaty was signed between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire named The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty in 1907, which made Korea protectorate of Japan, this treaty limited Japanese power over Korea by assigning high ranking officials. It wasnt until the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty 1910, Japan had complete control over Korea. Japan wanted to Japanize all its colonies, this is known as the Kominka Movement this made the colonists inferior Japanese citizens, they dont have rights like the real Japanese citizens. Why did the Taiwanese followed and accepted the Kominka Movement, but the Koreans resisted till death? Towards the end of World War Two, the spirt of Japanese colonial mobilization, known as the Kominka, had wiped out Korea and Taiwans traditional language, name, and culture; it scarred both nations for life. As the imperial national citizen(à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ) of Korea and Taiwan, they were forced to pray in the Shinto shrine, instead of their traditional believe. Every morning students had to sing the Oath of the Imperial National Citizen(à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã…“†¹Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ªÃ¢â‚¬Å"à ¨Ã‚ ©Ã… ¾). The whole purpose of making imperial national citizen was to ensure that there will be a source for supporting the Japans military power. During the Japanization, native speaking language was abolished, instead, all the textbooks and the teachings are now synchronized with Japan, officially put an end to the use of Mandarin Chinese and Korean, forcing them to speak Japanese only. The odd thing was, why did Taiwanese comfortably followed, where as the Koreans strongly rebelled against it? For example. In 1942, a the Koreans secretly organized the Korean Language Association, it was developing the Korean Dictionary, the organization had approximately 30 members, all of them were arrested for violation of the Law of Order. If we look back in history, Taiwan had been a colony of many countries long before the Japanese. It was first colonized by Dutch in 1624, in 1622 Kingdom of Donging, 1683 to 1895 Qing, then starting from 1895, Japan. Where as Korea, it was never a colony until 1910 when Japan colonized it. In a way we can say that Taiwan, was used to being colonized, but Korea, since it was its first time, an unwilling behavior lead to a strong rebellion. Another act by the Japanizaion, or imperial national movement(à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã…’-à ©Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¢), to its colony was the change of name. Both Taiwanese and Japanese were to change their name, from a usual three character name, to a Japanese style, usually length from three to four words. The Japanese government call it Arbitrary rename, which means you can change youre name freely according to you will, but in reality, people were forced to change their name. By changing the name style, it was a step for Korea and Taiwan to give up their root, and officially become a Japanese nation.

College Laziness or Stupidity? The Internet Versus The Library as a Res

What makes the Internet so appealing? Whether it exists to have every answer to every problem or that the Internet provides its users with a virtual reality to be whomever they so choose, the Internet can be regarded as something that has advanced the human race into a new age while others see the Internet as an infernal contraption that has ruined society. Despite the Internet’s useful features, the uses among average college students have corrupted the idea of the Internet being a place to gain intellectual knowledge and has turned them into lazy, good for nothing halfwits. The standards most college students live by (in terms of using the Internet daily) is not enough to get them through four or more years of college. This can be stated with the utmost accuracy because to succeed at the highest level in college one must learn to use the library as a resource. The Internet makes up one of the most heavily used appliances that every college student literally depends upon. From streaming videos to surfing the web, it can be effortless to simply type just a few words into the search bar and hit enter, thereby eliminating hours of mindless work that (let’s face it) nobody likes doing. What should be called for is that many teachers across the nation should enforce a policy that restricts students from using the Internet as a primary source. The fact that many students are prepared to cut hours of work that can help them in the future is something that needs to change, and the only way it can is if teachers require students to use the library to look up and use books as a primary source when searching for information on projects One of the many reasons that I dislike the use of the Internet being a prominent part in the life of ... ... "Good Things about the Internet." Today's Parent 08 2004: 151-2. ProQuest. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. Steinberg, Jacques. "Free College Notes on Web: Aid to Learning, Or Laziness?" New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast) ed.: 0. Sep 09 1999. ProQuest. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Apr. 2014. Thompson, Christen. "Information Illiterate Or Lazy: How College Students use the Web for Research." Portal: Libraries and the Academy 3.2 (2003): 259-68. ProQuest. Web. 28 Thurmond, Bradley H. "Student Plagiarism and the use of a Plagiarism Detection Tool by Community College Faculty." ProQuest. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Wang, Yu-Mei. "Internet Uses in University Courses." International Journal on E-Learning 6.2 (2007): 279-92. ProQuest. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. Wegner, Daniel M., and Adrian F. Ward. "How Google is Changing Your Brain." Scientific American 12 2013: 58. ProQuest. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.

Developing the Leader in You Essay

Abstract Aristotle’s philosophy on leadership states, â€Å"Men make themselves leaders by performing acts of leadership†. This paper is written to bring forth a better understanding of leadership development. Following the understanding, will be an explanation of key factors that are salient to leadership, and why it must be covered. Great insight will be brought forth in elaborating on ‘collaboration’ as the key to developing great leaders. Life experiences will certainly have an impact on how effectively a leader develops good character, and how experiences can hinder and strengthen a leader’s ability to motivate others and create company growth. Flexibility and adaptability in spite of any circumstance can be the factor to make or break a situation, in coming toward the end of this paper it can be said that learning about continuous change can be deemed as extremely valuable in their leadership career in knowing how to bend when the wind blows. Finally, a lesson in life†¦ it’s not a fairytale, learning to accept failures and successes alike. The Leader in You The most important factors†¦ Leadership principles can be taught to the masses, although behaviors in a great leader is a learned trait; acquired over time. The crucial word in leadership is â€Å"trustworthiness†, a behavior that Cam, Caldwell, et al. (2010) state is associated with an individual’s perception regarding image, knowledge, and development style is of utmost importance (p. 500). Developing the leader within entails evolving through experimentation as a person learns new innovative approaches to solutions and problems. In time, new challenges arise that once seemed insurmountable, are now a part of the pragmatic approach that defines a leaders leadership style and strategic ability to overcome. To reach this stage in leadership empowers an individual, and reaffirms the persons ability to exert the skills to make informed decisions. This also means that the leader is in no way influenced by anyone in what to say or do; guiding and directing is the mark of an effective leader. The leader’s most effective tool is to constantly develop themselves; never stop learning. The most important characteristics of an effective leader are: to have their own identity, having openness to change, have self-respect, make good choices, be sincere and authentic, maintain a sense of humor, be willing to make mistakes-admit and learn from them, have an appreciation for cultural differences, genuinely care about others, maintain effective interpersonal communication skills, receive meaning and purpose from their work, be passionate about their work, and maintain healthy boundaries. Realize that no leader is perfect, and may not have all of these qualities†¦ Although, should strive to be well-rounded for the sake of the people they are mentoring, and themselves. Truth be told, the key or ticket to accomplishing the most vexing challenges—collaboration. Collaboration is the key to developing great leaders A collaborative relationship is based on mutual reciprocation of which is intended to assist each other in personal growth and development toward new levels of understanding to improve each others lives. In this section of the paper, the question that should be asked is, â€Å"What type of leader does a person want to be known for†¦and how do they wish to be perceived by the people they are developing?† This question has many answers, although to streamline it, the leader should be known for being innovative, results-oriented, and having a collaborative leadership style. This means that the leader will creatively expand the proverbial ‘pie’ into equal sections, and bringing in different talents and abilities to work together to solve a problem. One of the advantages of working together is that everyone is enthusiastic, motivating each other, and willing to implement the group plan because they developed it. There is organizational empowerment that comes with collaborative work like this, it is a win/win for a company and the leader due to the fact that within these groups there is always an opportunity to: train new leaders, get broader substantive results, and assist subordinates to bond; learning that two or more heads are better than one in accomplishing projects. Bali (2011) states that,† leadership is less about what we do and more about what we become—and in the process—how we influence and learn from those around us.† (p.11) People who aspire to become leaders, must know their strengths and weaknesses in order to develop either a stronger competence in the area they are weak in, or challenge themselves in areas where their strengths excel; this shows subordinates that you are not above personal self development and will encourage others to do the same. Competence is never enough for a great leader; it demands integrity and good moral character which influences the next generation of leaders. Leadership and good character Competence without integrity and character is worthless. A leader may know how to perform the job and lead the people to accomplish tasks, although without character they may cut corners if you will, and not always ‘do the right thing’. This behavior is detrimental to a company’s future, and those of the people under them. A leader with good character, integrity, and competence is steadfast and can be counted on to do the right thing, build a company’s reputation to be strong and unyielding, and establishes a foundation of trust with everyone involved. The purpose that character and integrity serves has to do with the specific times when their leadership road gets ‘rocky’, and at the edge of failure†¦ Time and time again it is seen in the media that people ‘fall’ from great heights within an organization, and instead of strategizing accordingly, their lack of integrity and character lead them to corruption, and sacrificing the ir reputations and principles for ‘immediate’ satisfaction due to their selfish need for self gratification. What is interestingly true, is that the leader who does have a strong-steadfast foundation within them, leads the organization in a smooth, effective, and successful manner so much so that because they have avoided potential threats a company may face†¦ most of the time they will not receive the credit due them because there wasn’t any catastrophe to see. This leader is defined as having intrinsic motivation in their leadership style that states they are internally motivated with their passion and vision to reach their goals instead of using external motivation like money and rewards. Eubanks et al. (2012), state that organizations should proactively develop leaders’ sensemaking skills so that they can better understand and enact ethical decisions (p. 2). A great leader is able adapt to change for the betterment of a company’s future endeavors and growth, and is perhaps the single most important leadership competency. Having to bend when the wind blows†¦ Flexibility and adaptability to change†¦ It helps a leader understand that they have control over their destinies in spite of the current circumstances and they can change it all by the choices they make in the present that affect the future; learning from the past in order to press forward. Leaders know that major change is hard enough, but continuous change is much harder. What is meant by this is that most companies have a strategy that works and they stick to it, and then establish a system that ensures it will always work for them. Most companies will find that when the bottom line is not being met, they place as much as much effort as they can to try and reboot or resuscitate a system doomed to fail because they have not established long term back up plans. So what is left, is a company in a position where stagnation is festering. In order to improve, great leaders will recognize they have to change and adapt to new innovative ways so that the company can work its way out of stagnation and into a position of growth; reinventing the structure of the company forcing stabilization. Mastery in this level of leadership involves someone who is seasoned enough to know that through many experiences throughout their carrier, it is flexibility and adaptability that is the core driving a company to new heights. A company knows that the value within doesn’t come from the people filling in positions, but the skills they bring to the table that make a company thrive! It is because of these skilled individuals that an effective leader can motivate and guide people to reach their potential and achieve tougher and challenging goals; especially in uncertain times (Nixon et al., 2012, p. 208). Leadership is a fine art, where hope, aspirations, and innovation are the catalysts that bring forth new approaches from different perspectives which lift the constraints of old practices that hinder the progress of a company. The flip-side to great leadership is that things don’t always turn out the way they are suppose to, and the results can be anything but a fairytale! Leadership, anything but a fairytale! Reality is the last thing that would ever be discussed in a fairytale, much less the detrimental repercussions of the characters actions. Nearly everyone’s world begins with parents reading their child fairytales, and their impressionable minds continue to believe that life will go on this smoothly. Although the underlying reason is to give everyone hope, imagination, and to strive for that happiness—in the business world, and leadership positions†¦ people are being set up for failure; high expectations are great, as long as they aren’t unrealistic. Penner (2009) states, â€Å"The problem arises when we benchmark our lives with these greats. We find that in the real world life is generally not perfect, that we do have to work hard at what we do and sometimes we are not successful.†(p.2). Innovative minds come from creative thinking outside the box, which does come from fairytales, but have to be used constructively. Steve Jobs, leader in technology, will be the first to tell you, ‘People who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are usually the ones that do.† Conclusion Throughout this paper, I have expressed my thoughts on the development of leadership and effects on a company, collaborative relationships, adaptability and change, why good character in leadership is important, and the most important factors in leadership†¦ This paper is full of valuable insight for those who plan on enhancing their careers in their current field of leadership, or those whose future career may depend on the knowledge. Leadership is a gift, one that directly affects the lives of others, in developing the skills for future leadership positions. In finishing this paper, one can conclude that leadership traits can influence the success and failure of a company, and mentorship of one or many individuals. References Bali, V. (2011). Leadership lessons from everyday life. Leader to Leader, 60, 7-11. Caldwell, C., Hayes, L.A., & Long, D.T. (2010). Leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship. Journal of Business Ethics, 96(4), 497-512. doi: 10.1007/s10551-010-0489-y Eubanks, D.L., Brown, A.D., & Yberna, S. (2012). Leadership, identity, and ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 1-3. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1295-5. Nixon, P., Harrington, M., & Parker, D. (2012). Leadership performance is significant to project success or failure: a critical analysis. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 61(2), 204-216. doi: 10.1108/17410401211194699 Penner, D.S. (2009). Leadership: Facing the fairytale. Journal of Applied Christian Leadership, 3(1), 7-10.

KFC Case Study Essay

Introduction KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) is one of the most popular and widely spread fast food chain spread across various countries. KFC has established in market as a specialist in fried chicken. Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, US, KFC today is world’s second largest fast food chain after McDonalds with presence in several countries. As of December 2012, KFC had more than 18,000 outlets spread across 120 countries. Yum! Brands is the parent company which owns KFC along with other subsidiaries such as Pizza Hut and Taco Bell restaurants chain (Liu, 2008). Founded by Harland Sanders in Corbin, Kentucky KFC clocked close to $11 billion in revenues by end of 2011. KFC can be credited for being a pioneer in popularizing chicken in fast foot industry. As a company KFC has been termed as one of the most innovative company in terms of marketing its product among customers. Over a period of time it has given a stiff competition to other fast food chains like McDonalds, Starbucks etc. thr ough its comprehensive and effective marketing strategy. LO1.1: Changing Perspectives in Marketing Planning Concept of Product: KFC founded in 1930, has always believed in the concept of product. Its primary product –fried chicken has remained the most sought after fast food product since its inception. With time KFC added range of fast food items catering to different taste buds and eating sensibilities. This approach reflected that how it has adapted itself in the changing and challenging environment by rival companies like McDonalds etc. Product development and adapting in the changing market perspective is crucial for a fast food chain like KFC (Ghanawi, 2012). Concept of Selling: KFC has kept its focus on ensuring that consumers favour the product which offers the best in terms of taste and quality. KFC has never comprised with the quality of the product it has offered to customer. Since inception it  has maintained its trademark taste of the fried chicken which has resulted into a loyal base of customer following. KFC has never taken its popularity for granted and has always believed in getting feedback from customer through various channels, which in return has helped it further to optimize the quality and other factors associated with its fast food products. Concept of Marketing: KFC has always been aggressive in terms of marketing its product. Even though it has established itself as leading player in fast food sector, despite of this fact it has never shied away from marketing efforts towards its product. This focus on marketing helps in creating brand awareness and customer satisfaction. Concept of Societal Marketing: Societal marketing is an important concept in marketing strategy of any company. KFC has always believed in reaching to its customer through various ways like customer surveys, feedbacks etc. This helps KFC in establishing a close bonding with its customer which eventually helps in increasing the sales. Through its feedback and survey it has launched geographic specific products as well in order to cater localized taste and sensibilities. L.O. 1.2: KFC’s Capability for Planning its Future Marketing Activity For KFC, capacity planning for its marketing activity is an extremely critical part of the business as complete business relies heavily on the future forecast and trend. This capacity planning strategy is focused on determining current and future requirement of a typical fast food specific market. Capability for planning its future marketing activity has several important points which need to be understood, they are as follows: Financial Capability: KFC earned revenue of nearly $11 billion in 2012 underlines the fact that it has enough financial capabilities to compete with other fast food chains like McDonalds etc. This has also ensured that with a strong revenue model it has sufficient marketing budget allotment for maintaining its market positioning. Technological Capability: KFC has always focused on supporting its marketing activity through use of superior technologies. These technologies helped in optimizing its operation as well as marketing activities. Popular Products: Like its other competitors, KFC has always maintained a wide range of popular fast food product. Its trademark chicken burger and other chicken fast food products has helped in maintaining a niche market in non-vegetarian fast food segment. Having a popular line of products always helps a company in establishing brand connectivity with the  end customer (Witkowski, Ma & Zheng, 2003). LO 1.3: Techniques Used by KFC for Organizational Auditing & for Analysing External factors that affect marketing planning Multinational companies like KFC are aware of the fact that effect marketing planning cannot be achieved without appl ication of techniques for organizational auditing and analyses of external factors. External factors for KFC comprises of Macro environment and Micro environment. Macro environment consists of aspects such as social, cultural, legal, economic, political and technological. These aspects further include other factors such as demographics, environmental limitations and broader societal factors. On other hand micro environment includes other constraints such as market structure, suppliers, customer, trend of the market, and competition. Organizational audit helps KFC to analyse and examine resources available and supplies suggestion related to strength and weakness of the company. Organizational considerations are controlled by KFC itself hence it is important that it should avoid any sort of issues from this area. It is vital for a company like KFC to consider organizational auditing and development of the SWOT analysis (Magrath, 1986). It is important especially to take advantage of its organizational strengths, reduce any limitation, and exploit market opportunities as they appear. External environment is critical since it gives direction to behaviour and overall marketing strategy of a multinational company like KFC. L.O. 1.4: Assume that you have just been promoted to the position of marketing manager in a Fast food organization. Carry out organizational auditing and analysis of external factors that affect marketing planning in your organization. As a marketing manager it is important to understand the role and importance of organizational audit and analysis of external factors. This is critical because it leads to a direct impact on the success of the marketing strategy of KFC and its goal to maintain its niche position of fried chicken fast food specialist. Organizational audit focuses on entire business, it focuses on the business objective, goal, mission, vision and all strategies being applied in the business. SWOT analysis is one popular and effective tool for audit of such factors. Following are the result for the SWOT analysis done for KFC: Audit focusing upon organizations marketing objective and strategy helps in  determining how well those strategies is suited to the current and forecasted market environment in fast food segment across various geographies. Organizational audit of marketing strategy is concerned specifically with a goal of evaluating organization’s structural capability and its preparedness for implementation of the strategy needed for further development of the business and fast food segment in general. Organizational audit helps in covering wide spectrum of functions like quality of organizational systems for analysis, control and planning. L.O. 2.1: Assess the main barriers to marketing planning Following barriers needs to be addressed: Lack of Vision: KFC has to be cautious while implanting its marketing plan. In order to ensure an effective implementation it is important to have a comprehensive plan. However marketing plan should ensure that it covers every aspect which it can face due to changing market environment (Christian & Gereffi, 2010). Poor future vision can result into an insufficient marketing plan which can lead to failure. Less focus on Innovation: Although fast food segment has been dominated by products which have not changed over a long period of time. However with changing customer taste and preference, it is critical for KFC to focus on innovation of new fast food items which can offer something new to customer. It has to innovate and customize its product based on various geographies it works in. Leadership issues: KFC comes under a single brand known as YUM! Brand, which operates other subsidiaries brands such as Pizza hut and Taco Bell. In order to ensure a smooth functioning of the business, it is important to segregate the leadership for a better focus on the individual brands. This will help in brand specific focus and other management related activities. L.O.2.2: Examine how organizations may overcome barriers to market planning KFC being an international chain of fast food joints, it has huge pressure in terms of ensuring that its market planning is always in sync with its business objectives. In order to achieve that KFC needs to ensure that irrespective of the geography it is operating in, it should take care of certain barriers which might become a road block in an effective marketing planning. First important barrier is confusing marketing tactic with strategic tactic, often organization end up getting confused between the  two. Hence KFC should ensure that it has clear demarcation of its operational tactic and its marketing tactic. Another aspect is overcoming organizational barriers, in way of effective market planning, organizational barriers like slow decision making process, unnecessary hierarchies etc. might create problem in effective market planning. Another important barrier is failure to prioritize the objectives to be achieved from the market plan. In order to achieve the maximum out of a market plan, it will be important for KFC to prioritize its requirements or goals. For example its expectation from Asia geography might be different as compared to European continent, in such circumstances it needs to accordingly prioritize its market plan activities and set the goal on those priorities. L.O.3.1.: Marketing plan (notes for power point presentation) S ituational Analysis: KFC is famous for its non-veg range fast food products Increasing trend towards vegetarian fast food products Demand for economic and quick snack vegetarian fast food products in growing countries such as India Campaigns from PETA are another reason why people from west are also moving away from non-veg fast food items. Market Segmentation: Total market of fast food market is around $15.2 billion (2011-12), important point to note that despite presence of various kind of fast food products there is hardly any presence of veg fast food products this highlights that there his huge scope for veg fast food products which are cheap but have superiors quality. Competition: Major competition for KFC veg Snacker is from veg products such as Subway’s veg sub, McDonald’s veg burger, McDonald’s veg wrap etc. and other local player specializing in veg fast food products Consumer Analysis: Population in growing economies seek cheap but tasty and good quality fast food item. In country such as India, there is huge vegetarian population which also like fast foods such as veg snacker bu rger offered by KFC. Marketing Challenges Faced: (S) Strength Second best global brand in fast food industry Famous and popular formula of original 11 herbs and spices recipe Support of popular subsidiaries such as combination of KFC – Pizza Hut and KFC – Taco Bell Leadership position among companies offering chicken as their primary product offering (W) Weakness includes Negative publicity from health conscious groups Row over quality of chicken used as raw material Vulnerable to downfall in business due to issues like bird-flu Lack of strong marketing efforts as compared to companies like McDonalds (O) Opportunities includes Increasing demand for healthier food Focus on home delivery of the products Scope of introducing new varieties in its chicken range of products (T) Threats includes Trend towards healthy food habits Currency fluctuations Various law suits from groups supporting green and vegetarian food Marketing Strategy: Product: Veg Snacker in a country like India is fulfilling the requirement of cheap, quick and tasty fast food. Veg Snacker also has better nutritional value as compared to other competitors such as McDonald’s veg burger, and cottage cheese burger and wraps Place: KFC should focus on markets dominated by veg population, its distribution channel should be in place for procurement of raw material for its veg products. Pricing: Unlike other KFC product, veg Snacker has been priced competitively to attract customer with low budget but are looking for quality veg fast food products. Promotion: KFC should focus on this aspect that being a famous brand for non-veg fast food products it is now focusing on veg items as well. It should focus on ensuring that quality of veg fast food items is equally good. Conclusion This marketing plan for veg products has to be implemented carefully because of risk due to brand image. Marketing plan for veg products has to be isolated from overall marketing plan, since main focus of KFC has been on non-veg fast food items. Pricing and Packaging of the product is critical for overall success of the veg line of fast food items. L.O.3.3: Examine techniques for new product development KFC can opt for eight stages of a product development which involves following process: Concept Generation of New Product: SWOT analysis can be used effectively for assisting basic research towards new concept generation of a fast food product. Concept Screening: KFC based on a new concept/idea can then screen and question the relevance of the concept. It is very important for KFC to understand that relevance of the product that should be implemented as per the market situation. Working on a concept which competitors have already launched might not be a logical business strategy. There should be clarity related to the target market as well. What customer base KFC will be targeting should be clear from the concept stage itself (Starvish, 2011). Concept Development and Product Testing: KFC should also focus on the proper testing of the new product for its market suitability and target customer segment. For example a spicy chicken burger might not be successful in market dominated by less spice loving population. Thus a product should be tested internally before it is launched on a wider scale. Beta Testing and Marketing Testing: KFC can understand a significant part of customer feedback through a selected launch of the product to a specific set of customers. With a proper feedback channel, valuable inputs regarding the product can be collected which can be further used to optimize the end product before it is launched. Technical Implementation: Technical implementation phase will include activities like all the logistical attributes which will be necessary for a producing the fast food product. Thus how a raw material will be procured? What raw material will be used? Availability of the manpower for the production and several other facts should be taken care by KFC in this particular phase of the product development. Commercialization: Commercialization is the critical phase, where post development of the product there has to be specific budget and time for product promotion and creating awareness about the product. Optimization of distribution channel and monetization of the product is also crucial part of this phase. Product Pricing: For a company like KFC which has operation in developed as well as developing countries, pricing is a critical aspect of the whole business. In price sensitive markets like Asia, any wrong pricing strategy can result into product failure. L.O.3.4 Pricing policy, distribution and communication mix for: Wrigley’s chewing gum: Wrigley’s chewing gum is a classic example of how a company can create  success through a product which is not a necessity for consumers. Through its aggressive strategy in pricing, distribution and communication it has ensured that it remains on top in chewing gum category. Rather than focus on creating a premium product, Wrigley’s focused on getting its basic correct through an economical pricing of the product which ensured that people adopted and started using the product. Through its intensive market research it strengthened its distribution channel and formed a strong relationship with retailers. With its innovative and aggressive marketing and communication strategy, it has ensured that consumers do not forget about the brand. Sky TV: Being one of the pioneers in direct- to-home concept, Sky TV always ensured a balanced approach in terms of pricing. It offered both segment of customers i.e. segment which was bothered about value delivery and segment which believed in cost of product. It bundled and offered them in various packs based on their popularity and subscription cost. Sky TV initially had been aggressive in its communication strategy to reach its customer, which paid off positively. With focus on acquiring new customer base, Sky TV has always been innovating in terms of its communication approach to actively engage with its customer base. BMW 7 Series: Keeping in with tradition, BMW has maintained a premium pricing over each of its product. Main reason behind this is to maintain an exclusivity of the brand along with a healthy margin on the product sold. Thus it never comprises with its pricing strategy to boost its sales volume. BMW 7 Series has been able to penetrate the upper class of the car buyers through its wide spread distribution channel, which not only sells the car, but also provides an effective after sales service to the vehicle. Communication mix for BMW has always been focused on the premium segment of society, for whom spending money is not an issue, but they are cautious about the premium attached to the product. Bentley Car : Similar to brands like BMW, Audi etc., Bentley has ensured that it is known as super premium car making company. That is why despite of slump in its car sales it never tweaked with its pricing strategy. It has always focused on the premium and high net worth individual who are more focused on the brand and the premium attached to it. Distribution channel of Bentley is not as strong as its competitors, but it does have presence in majority of the prime cities across globe. Its communication mix and marketing has always targeted rich customers who have  always believed in owning the best of every segment. Hilton Hotel Room: Hilton has always believed in providing best of the user experience to its end customer, even if it comes with an extra cost. That is why Hilton boasts of a loyal set of customers who always prefer Hilton over other hotel. Hilton has given preference to exclusivity over the pricing factor, with added luxuries as compared to other competitors and a personal touch in its services Hilton has always been able to justify its above average pricing structure. With a wide presence across the globe, it has been able to establish a brand name through which its customer can connect easily. Holiday Cruise from London to Florida: Cruise holidays have always been a popular product among tourists. Tours and travel companies have ensured that they capitalize on this craze. However with a holiday cruise as far as from London to Florida is concerned, it depends on the partner offering. Pricing strategy should be focused more on upper segment of the society, because they are the one who can afford a cruise travel. With various luxuries added, cruise holiday can justify its pricing strategy as well. Distribution has to be maintained through extensive network of tours and travel operators. With multiple holiday packages being promoted, a holiday cruise has to be promoted aggressively in order to ensure that it can be differentiated from other holiday packages. L.O.3.5: Explain how factors affecting the effective implementation of the marketing plan have been taken into account Various factors which affects the effective implementation of the marketing plan are as follows: Information about Target Segment: For KFC the target customer has always been the teen and post teen. Their advertising campaign has primarily revolved around college going students and working professionals. However with time, and competition from rival fast food companies, they have focused on various age groups (Roller, Voorhees & Lulnkenheimer, 2006). Important aspect is that whatever fast food product has been launched, it has been done with proper knowledge of its target customer. For effective implementation of marketing plan prior research about the target customer base is extremely critical. Measurable Goals and Objectives: Marketing team at KFC has to be clear about their end goals and organizational objectives. Clarity on these two aspects is important towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. In fast food segment, acceptance of the new product launched, and objective achieved  in terms of the expected sales helps towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. Proper techniques for forecasting of the expected sales and measurable goals helps in und erstanding the success of the product launched. Proper and Effective Communication Tactics: Fast food companies have to be very thoughtful with their communication strategy. Even a slight mistake in terms of improper communication can lead to disastrous result. With various lobbies opposing junk food or fast food segment, there is always a pressure on companies like KFC to come up with relevant and targeted communication. Thus what channel is being selected for communication also matters a lot. For example if target demography is vegetarian in nature then launching and creating campaign about a chicken burger will be a big mistake. Hence optimization of communication tactic is an important stepping stone towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. L.O.4.1: Explain how ethical issues influence marketing planning Fast food segment has to face several ethical issues, which eventually shape up their marketing plan. There are many countries which are extremely particular about the quality of the product and its raw material used. For example a country or area dominated by vegetarian population will never accept a chicken or beef burger. That is why in the stores there has to be strict check on what is being served to the customer. Recently there was a viral video on social networking site which highlighted how raw material for KFC is procured which highlighted several loop-holes in the procurement process. This issue exposed the hygiene and cleanliness standards in the procurement as well. Such kind of ethical issues many times results in lawsuit etc. (Schrà ¶der & McEachern, 2005). L.O.4.2: Analyse examples of how organizations respond to ethical issues KFC has witnessed an exponential growth across globe. But with this growth rate there are several instances of backlash against the brand as well. For example a slight negligence in a vegetarian dominated population can lead to ethical issues among the population and negative publicity for the brand. In any such instance where KFC has been on the defaulter side, it has always cooperated with the respective agencies and has proactively accepted its mistake wherever necessary. As a brand KFC has never ignored its social responsibility and accepting mistakes because of its negligence. In order to address any consumer complain they have dedicated complain cell which handles consumer grievances. L.O. 4.3: Analyse  examples of consumer ethics and the effect it has on the marketing planning Consumer ethics has major impact on designing of market strategy of a company. For example KFC avoids an aggressive marketing of non-vegetarian products in vegetarian dominated population. KFC also avoids targeting kids as their target segment since fast food are considered as unhealthy and greasy in nature In order to have a strong brand connect and brand value it is important to keep all the ethical issues in perspective while developing the market planning strategy (Parasuraman, Grewal & Krishnan, 2006). References: Liu, W. K. (2008). KFC in China: secret recipe for success. John Wiley & Sons (Asia). Ghanawi, N. (2012). The Internationalization of KFC. Witkowski, T. H., Ma, Y., & Zheng, D. (2003). Cross-cultural influences on brand identity impressions: KFC in China and the United States. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 15(1/2), 74-88. Magrath, A. J. (1986). 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